2.  A Philosopher Giving a Lecture on the Orrery. Joseph Wright of Derby. c. 1763–1765 ce. Oil on canvas.

3. The Swing. Jean-Honoré Fragonard. 1767 ce. Oil on canvas.

4. Monticello. Virginia, U.S. Thomas Jefferson (architect). 1768–1809 ce. Brick, glass, stone, and wood.

5. The Oath of the Horatii. Jacques-Louis David. 1784 ce. Oil on canvas.

6.George Washington. Jean-Antoine Houdon. 1788–1792 ce. Marble.

7. Self-Portrait. Elisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun. 1790 ce. Oil on canvas.

8. Y no hai remedio (And There’s Nothing to Be Done), from Los Desastres de la Guerra (The Disasters of War), plate 15. Francisco de Goya. 1810–1823 ce (published 1863). Etching, drypoint, burin, and burnishing.

9.  La Grande Odalisque. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. 1814 ce. Oil on canvas.

10. Liberty Leading the People. Eugène Delacroix. 1830 ce. Oil on canvas.

11. The Oxbow (View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm). Thomas Cole. 1836 ce. Oil on canvas.

12. Still Life in Studio. Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre. 1837 ce. Daguerreotype.

13. Slave Ship (Slavers Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying, Typhoon Coming On). Joseph Mallord William Turner. 1840 ce. Oil on canvas.

14. Palace of Westminster (Houses of Parliament). London, England. Charles Barry and Augustus W. N. Pugin (architects). 1840–1870 ce. Limestone masonry and glass.

15. The Stone Breakers. Gustave Courbet. 1849 ce (destroyed in 1945). Oil on canvas.

16. Nadar Raising Photography to the Height of Art. Honoré Daumier. 1862 ce. Lithograph.

17. Olympia. Édouard Manet. 1863 ce. Oil on canvas.

18. The Saint-Lazare Station. Claude Monet. 1877 ce. Oil on canvas.

19. The Horse in Motion. Eadweard Muybridge. 1878 ce. Albumen print.

20. The Valley of Mexico from the Hillside of Santa Isabel (El Valle de México desde el Cerro de Santa Isabel). Jose María Velasco. 1882 ce. Oil on canvas.

21. The Burghers of Calais. Auguste Rodin. 1884–1895 ce. Bronze.

22. The Starry Night. Vincent van Gogh. 1889 ce. Oil on canvas.

23. The Coiffure. Mary Cassatt. 1890–1891 ce. Drypoint and aquatint.

24. The Scream. Edvard Munch. 1893 ce. Tempera and pastels on cardboard.

25. Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? Paul Gauguin. 1897–1898 ce. Oil on canvas.

26. Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building. Chicago, Illinois, U.S. Louis Sullivan (architect). 1899–1903 ce. Iron, steel, glass, and terra cotta.

27. Mont Sainte-Victoire. Paul Cézanne. 1902–1904 ce. Oil on canvas.

28. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon. Pablo Picasso. 1907 ce Oil on canvas.

29. The Steerage. Alfred Stieglitz. 1907 ce. Photogravure.

30. The Kiss. Gustav Klimt. 1907–1908 ce. Oil and gold leaf on canvas.

31. The Kiss. Constantin Brancusi. Original 1907–1908 ce. Stone.

32. The Portuguese. Georges Braque. 1911 ce. Oil on canvas.

33. Goldfish. Henri Matisse. 1912 ce. Oil on canvas.

34. Improvisation 28 (second version). Vassily Kandinsky. 1912 ce. Oil on canvas.

35. Self-Portrait as a Soldier. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. 1915 ce. Oil on canvas.

36. Memorial Sheet for Karl Liebknecht. Käthe Kollwitz. 1919–1920 ce. Woodcut.

37. Villa Savoye. Poissy-sur-Seine, France. Le Corbusier (architect). 1929 ce. Steel and reinforced concrete.

38. Composition with Red, Blue and Yellow. Piet Mondrian. 1930 ce. Oil on canvas.

39. Illustration from The Results of the First Five-Year Plan. Varvara Stepanova. 1932 ce. Photomontage.

40. Object (Le Déjeuner en fourrure). Meret Oppenheim. 1936 ce. Fur-covered cup, saucer, and spoon.

41. Fallingwater. Pennsylvania, U.S. Frank Lloyd Wright (architect). 1936–1939 ce. Reinforced concrete, sandstone, steel, and glass.

42. The Two Fridas. Frida Kahlo. 1939 ce. Oil on canvas.

43. The Migration of the Negro, Panel no. 49. Jacob Lawrence. 1940–1941 ce. Casein tempera on hardboard.

44. The Jungle. Wifredo Lam. 1943 ce. Gouache on paper mounted on canvas.

45. Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in the Alameda Park. Diego Rivera. 1947–1948 ce. Fresco.

46. Fountain (second version). Marcel Duchamp. 1950 ce. (original 1917). Readymade glazed sanitary china with black paint.

47. Woman, I. Willem de Kooning. 1950–1952 ce. Oil on canvas.

48. Seagram Building. New York City, U.S. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson (architects). 1954–1958 ce. Steel frame with glass curtain wall and bronze.

49. Marilyn Diptych. Andy Warhol. 1962 ce. Oil, acrylic, and silkscreen enamel on canvas.

50. Narcissus Garden. Yayoi Kusama. Original installation and performance 1966. Mirror balls.

51. The Bay. Helen Frankenthaler. 1963 ce. Acrylic on canvas.

52. Lipstick (Ascending) on Caterpillar Tracks. Claes Oldenburg. 1969–1974 ce. Cor-Ten steel, steel, aluminum, and cast resin; painted with polyurethane enamel.

53. Spiral Jetty. Great Salt Lake, Utah, U.S. Robert Smithson. 1970 ce. Earthwork: mud, precipitated salt crystals, rocks, and water coil.

54. House in New Castle County. Delaware, U.S. Robert Venturi, John Rauch, and Denise Scott Brown (architects). 1978–1983 ce. Wood frame and stucco.

• Impressionism-French painters, notably Manet and Monet, who dissociated themselves from tradition by choosing everyday subjects and using experimental techniques to capture ephemeral effects such as changes of light and atmospheric conditions.

• Post-Impressionism-In reaction to Impressionism, Cézanne, van Gogh, Gauguin and Seurat placed an emphasis on abstracted formal qualities, symbolic imagery and Primitivism.  The movement spread through Europe.

• Expressionism-A movement associated with Germany and Scandinavia, namely the painters Kirchner and Munch, which also opposed itself to Impressionism. It advocated the use of pure color to express the inner workings of the spirit and to expose the soul.

• Cubism-The innovation of Picasso and Braque, Cubism flattened forms, broke accepted outlines and denied conventional perspective, incorporating multiple viewpoints and implying the dimension of time in simultaneous and dynamic images.

• Fauvism-The group took its name, Fauvists, from the word fauves (meaning wild beasts), used by a critic in a 1905 review of Matisse, Derain and Vlaminck. These painters and their many followers favored bright, pure colors applied in flat planes, broad execution and striking design.

• Futurism-The Italian writer Marinetti published the first Futurist Manifesto in 1908. Literary and artistic followers enthusiastically embraced the bold new machine age and infused their work with the concept of speed, dispensing with the venerated traditions of their native Italy. Balla, Boccioni and Severini are among the most celebrated exponents.

• Dadaism-Founded in literary and artistic circles in Zurich with a deliberately nonsensical name. (were they poking fun at all the isms?) Dadaism manifested revulsion to World War I, nationalism and materialism. Its adherents rejected tradition and established values, and threw out the conventions of artistic practice. Their emphasis on concept vs. execution opened the door to pop art and installation art.

• Surrealism-The term Surrealism was coined by the French poet Apollinaire in 1917, to signify sur-réel, or exceeding reality, in reference to the quest for the subconscious. The innovations of Freudian psychoanalysis inspired the poets and painters of Paris, many of whom adhered to Dadaism. While the Dadaists had dispensed with all convention, the Surrealists, Arp, Magritte and Man Ray among them, embraced traditional methods as they used them to explore the realm of dreams. Meret Oppenheim exploited unconventional materials to express the unexpected.

• Muralism-Founded in Mexico and led by Diego Rivera, José Clemente Orozco and David Alfaro Siqueiros, the first muralists were part of a state-sponsored program to promote art of the people and for the people.  In the U.S. the mandate was taken up by WPA artists.